Effect of age and sex on efficacy and tolerability of β blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: individual patient data meta-analysis [β受体阻滞剂治疗心衰伴随射血分数降低的效果及耐受性的年龄与性别影响：个体患者数据荟萃分析]

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BMJ 2016; 353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i1855 (Published 20 April 2016)
Cite this as: BMJ 2016;353:i1855

Authors
Dipak Kotecha, Luis Manzano, Henry Krum, Giuseppe Rosano, Jane Holmes, Douglas G Altman, Peter D Collins, Milton Packer, John Wikstrand, Andrew J S Coats, John G F Cleland, Paulus Kirchhof, Thomas G von Lueder, Alan S Rigby, Bert Andersson, Gregory YH Lip, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Marcelo C Shibata, Hans Wedel, Michael Böhm, Marcus D Flather on behalf of the Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of β blockers in a broad age range of women and men with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by pooling individual patient data from placebo controlled randomised trials.

Design: Prospectively designed meta-analysis of individual patient data from patients aged 40-85 in sinus rhythm at baseline, with left ventricular ejection fraction <0.45.

Participants: 13 833 patients from 11 trials; median age 64; 24% women.

Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was all cause mortality; the major secondary outcome was admission to hospital for heart failure. Analysis was by intention to treat with an adjusted one stage Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: Compared with placebo, β blockers were effective in reducing mortality across all ages: hazard ratios were 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.53 to 0.83) for the first quarter of age distribution (median age 50); 0.71 (0.58 to 0.87) for the second quarter (median age 60); 0.65 (0.53 to 0.78) for the third quarter (median age 68); and 0.77 (0.64 to 0.92) for the fourth quarter (median age 75). There was no significant interaction when age was modelled continuously (P=0.1), and the absolute reduction in mortality was 4.3% over a median follow-up of 1.3 years (number needed to treat 23). Admission to hospital for heart failure was significantly reduced by β blockers, although this effect was attenuated at older ages (interaction P=0.05). There was no evidence of an interaction between treatment effect and sex in any age group. Drug discontinuation was similar regardless of treatment allocation, age, or sex (14.4% in those give β blockers, 15.6% in those receiving placebo).

Conclusion: Irrespective of age or sex, patients with HFrEF in sinus rhythm should receive β blockers to reduce the risk of death and admission to hospital.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42014010012; Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00832442.