Prognosis after surgical replacement with a bioprosthetic aortic valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: systematic review of observational studies [症状严重的主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉瓣置换手术的预后：观察性研究的系统综述]

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BMJ 2016; 354 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5065 (Published 28 September 2016)
Cite this as: BMJ 2016;354:i5065

Authors
Farid Foroutan, Gordon H Guyatt, Kathleen O’Brien, Eva Bain, Madeleine Stein, Sai Bhagra, Daegan Sit, Rakhshan Kamran, Yaping Chang, Tahira Devji, Hassan Mir, Veena Manja, Toni Schofield, Reed A Siemieniuk, Thomas Agoritsas, Rodrigo Bagur, Catherine M Otto, Per O Vandvik

Abstract
Objective To determine the frequency of survival, stroke, atrial fibrillation, structural valve deterioration, and length of hospital stay after surgical replacement of an aortic valve (SAVR) with a bioprosthetic valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.

Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Data sources Medline, Embase, PubMed (non-Medline records only), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL from 2002 to June 2016.

Study selection Eligible observational studies followed patients after SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve for at least two years.

Methods Reviewers, independently and in duplicate, evaluated study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias for patient important outcomes. We used the GRADE system to quantify absolute effects and quality of evidence. Published survival curves provided data for survival and freedom from structural valve deterioration, and random effect models provided the framework for estimates of pooled incidence rates of stroke, atrial fibrillation, and length of hospital stay.

Results In patients undergoing SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve, median survival was 16 years in those aged 65 or less, 12 years in those aged 65 to 75, seven years in those aged 75 to 85, and six years in those aged more than 85. The incidence rate of stroke was 0.25 per 100 patient years (95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.54) and atrial fibrillation 2.90 per 100 patient years (1.78 to 4.79). Post-SAVR, freedom from structural valve deterioration was 94.0% at 10 years, 81.7% at 15 years, and 52% at 20 years, and mean length of hospital stay was 12 days (95% confidence interval 9 to 15).

Conclusion Patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve can expect only slightly lower survival than those without aortic stenosis, and a low incidence of stroke and, up to 10 years, of structural valve deterioration. The rate of deterioration increases rapidly after 10 years, and particularly after 15 years.