Measuring multimorbidity beyond counting diseases: systematic review of community and population studies and guide to index choice [疾病计数之外的多发病测量：社区与人群研究的系统综述与指标选择指南]

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BMJ 2020; 368 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m160 (Published 18 February 2020)
Cite this as: BMJ 2020;368:m160

Authors
Lucy E Stirland, Laura González-Saavedra, Donncha S Mullin, Craig W Ritchie, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Tom C Russ

Abstract
Objectives To identify and summarise existing indices for measuring multimorbidity beyond disease counts, to establish which indices include mental health comorbidities or outcomes, and to develop recommendations based on applicability, performance, and usage.

Design Systematic review.

Data sources Seven medical research databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus) from inception to October 2018 and bibliographies and citations of relevant papers. Searches were limited to English language publications.

Eligibility criteria for study selection Original articles describing a new multimorbidity index including more information than disease counts and not focusing on comorbidity associated with one specific disease. Studies were of adults based in the community or at population level.

Results Among 7128 search results, 5560 unique titles were identified. After screening against eligibility criteria the review finally included 35 papers. As index components, 25 indices used conditions (weighted or in combination with other parameters), five used diagnostic categories, four used drug use, and one used physiological measures. Predicted outcomes included mortality (18 indices), healthcare use or costs (13), hospital admission (13), and health related quality of life (7). 29 indices considered some aspect of mental health, with most including it as a comorbidity. 12 indices are recommended for use.

Conclusions 35 multimorbidity indices are available, with differing components and outcomes. Researchers and clinicians should examine existing indices for suitability before creating new ones.

Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42017074211.