[BMJ Open] Prevalence of passive smoking in the community population aged 15 years and older in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [中国15岁及以上社区人群中被动吸烟的概率：系统综述和荟萃分析]

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Authors
Jing Zeng, Shanshan Yang, Lei Wu, Jianhua Wang, Yiyan Wang, Miao Liu, Di Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yao He

Abstract
Objectives To estimate the prevalence and distribution of passive smoking in the community population aged 15 years and older in China.

Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of passive smoking in China and a series of subgroup, trend and sensitivity analyses were conducted in this study.

Data source The systematic review and meta-analysis, which included 46 studies with 381 580 non-smokers, estimated the prevalence and distribution of passive smoking in China. All studies were published between 1997 and 2015.

Results The pooled prevalence of passive smoking was 48.7% (95% CI 44.8% to 52.5%) and was relatively stable from 1995 to 2013. The prevalence in the subgroups of gender, area, age and time varied from 35.1% (95% CI 31.8% to 38.3%) in the elderly (≥60 years) to 48.6% (95% CI 42.9% to 54.2%) in urban areas. The prevalence was lower in the elderly (≥60 years) than in those between 15 and 59 years of age (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.81). The difference between females and males in urban and rural areas was not statistically significant (OR: 1.27, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.74 and OR: 1.14, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.58, respectively). In addition, a significantly increasing trend was found among males from 2002 to 2010. Heterogeneity was high in all pooled estimates (I2>98%, p<0.001).

Conclusions The high and stable prevalence of passive smoking in China is raising increasing national concern regarding specific research and tobacco control programmes. Attention should be focused on young, middle-aged and male non-smokers regardless of region.

BMJ Open 2016;6:e009847. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009847